FORESTATION FOR LIFESAVER FOR THE WORLD.PROJECT.: ปรัชญาของเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง and Food Chains,Food webs,and Trophic Levels.

วันพุธที่ 6 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2553

ปรัชญาของเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง and Food Chains,Food webs,and Trophic Levels.

Each time an organism feeds,it becomes a link in a food chain.

สรุปปรัชญาของเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง คือ มีเหตุผล ,พอประมาณ,มีภูมิคุ้มกันในตัวที่ดี ในเงื่อนไขความรู้ (รอบรู้ รอบคอบ ระมัดระวัง)
ในเงื่อนไขคุณธรรม(ซื่อสัตย์สุจริต ขยันอดทน สติปัญญา แบ่งปัน) นำสู่ ชีวิต/เศรษฐกิจ/สังคม/สิ่งแวดล้อมสมดุล/มั่นคง/ยั่งยืน
เกษตรกรส่วนใหญ่ใช้สารเคมีมาก พอเราได้เรียนรู้ว่ามันเป็นอันตรายต่อตัวเอง ผู้อื่น และสิ่งแวดล้อม จึงมีการปรับเปลี่ยนเกิดขึ้น การปรับตัวเข้าสู่เกษตรแบบปลอดสารต้องใช้เวลา จึงควรมีการพัฒนาให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงแบบค่อยเป็นค่อยไปประกอบกับการสร้างองค์ความรู้ ขั้นแรกคือให้ลดการใช้สารเคมี ขั้นที่สองให้เลิกใช้สารเคมี ขั้นที่สามเมื่อเลิกใช้สารเคมีได้แล้วก็ผลิตแบบปล่อยให้ธรรมชาติดูแลกันเอง โดยไม่ต้องใส่ปุ๋ยใส่ยาได้ในที่สุด
การพึ่งพิงของพืช สวนเกษตรที่มีความหลากหลายของพืชนั้น เป็นองค์ความรู้ ภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่นที่ได้รับมาจากปู่ย่าตายายที่เล่าให้ฟังอยู่ทุกเมื่อเชื่อวัน เกี่ยวกับการเรียนรู้พันธุ์พืช ชีวิตแมลง และวิถีธรรมชาติที่พึ่งพากัน ความสมดุลคือสิ่งที่ธรรมชาติต้องการ
Think about what you have eaten today and trace it back to its photosynthetic source.If you have eaten an egg,you can trace it back to a chicken, which ate corn.
This is an example of a food chain a linked feeding series.
Now think about amore complex food chain involving you ,a chicken,a corn plant,and
a grasshopper. The chicken could eat gresshoppers that had eaten leaves of the corn
plant.You also could eat the gresshopper directly--some humans do.Or you could eat corn yourself,making the shortest possible food chain.Humans have several options of where we fit into food chains.

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Forestation for plantfoods for soils for water for air for earth

Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree line, except where natural fire frequency or other disturbance is too high, or where the environment has been altered by human activity. The latitudes 10° north and south of the Equator are mostly covered in tropical rainforest, and the latitudes between 53°N and 67°N have boreal forest. As a general rule, forests dominated by angiosperms (broadleaf forests) are more species-rich than those dominated by gymnosperms (conifer, montane, or needleleaf forests), although exceptions exist. Forests sometimes contain many tree species within a small area (as in tropical rain and temperate deciduous forests), or relatively few species over large areas (e.g., taiga and arid montane coniferous forests). Forests are often home to many animal and plant species, and biomass per unit area is high compared to other vegetation communities. Much of this biomass occurs below ground in the root systems and as partially decomposed plant detritus. The woody component of a forest contains lignin, which is relatively slow to decompose compared with other organic materials such as cellulose or carbohydrate. Forests are differentiated from woodlands by the extent of canopy coverage: in a forest, the branches and the foliage of separate trees often meet or interlock, although there can be gaps of varying sizes within an area referred to as forest. A woodland has a more continuously open canopy, with trees spaced further apart, which allows more sunlight to penetrate to the ground between them Among the major forested biomes are: rain forest (tropical and temperate) taiga temperate hardwood forest tropical dry forest Forests can be classified in different ways and to different degrees of specificity. One such way is in terms of the "biome" in which they exist, combined with leaf longevity of the dominant species (whether they are evergreen or deciduous). Another distinction is whether the forests composed predominantly of broadleaf trees, coniferous (needle-leaved) trees, or mixed. Boreal forests occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and coniferous. Temperate zones support both broadleaf deciduous forests (e.g., temperate deciduous forest) and evergreen coniferous forests (e.g., Temperate coniferous forests and Temperate rainforests). Warm temperate zones support broadleaf evergreen forests, including laurel forests. Tropical and subtropical forests include tropical and subtropical moist forests, tropical and subtropical dry forests, and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests. Physiognomy classifies forests based on their overall physical structure or developmental stage (e.g. old growth vs. second growth). Forests can also be classified more specifically based on the climate and the dominant tree species present, resulting in numerous different forest types (e.g., ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest). A number of global forest classification systems have been proposed, but none has gained universal acceptance.[5] UNEP-WCMC's forest category classification system is a simplification of other more complex systems (e.g. UNESCO's forest and woodland 'subformations'). This system divides the world's forests into 26 major types, which reflect climatic zones as well as the principal types of trees. These 26 major types can be reclassified into 6 broader categories: temperate needleleaf; temperate broadleaf and mixed; tropical moist; tropical dry; sparse trees and parkland; and forest plantations. Each category is described as a separate section below. Temperate needleleaf Temperate needleleaf forests mostly occupy the higher latitude regions of the northern hemisphere, as well as high altitude zones and some warm temperate areas, especially on nutrient-poor or otherwise unfavourable soils. These forests are composed entirely, or nearly so, of coniferous species (Coniferophyta). In the Northern Hemisphere pines Pinus, spruces Picea, larches Larix, silver firs Abies, Douglas firs Pseudotsuga and hemlocks Tsuga, make up the canopy, but other taxa are also important. In the Southern Hemisphere most coniferous trees, members of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae, occur in mixtures with broadleaf species that are classed as broadleaf and mixed forests. Temperate broadleaf and mixed Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests include a substantial component of trees in the Anthophyta. They are generally characteristic of the warmer temperate latitudes, but extend to cool temperate ones, particularly in the southern hemisphere. They include such forest types as the mixed deciduous forests of the USA and their counterparts in China and Japan, the broadleaf evergreen rain forests of Japan, Chile and Tasmania, the sclerophyllous forests of Australia, Central Chile, the Mediterranean and California, and the southern beech Nothofagus forests of Chile and New Zealand.

FOOD,HUNGER,AND NUTRITION

The battle to feel all of humanity is over.In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of million of people are going to starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now.At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate,although many lives could be saved through dramatic programs to stretch the carrying capacity of the earth by increasing food production.But theseprograms will only provide a stay of execution unless they are accompanied by determined and successful efforts at population control. Properly managed, the earth more fertile lands and its forests could meet everyone food and wood needs abundantly and indefinitely.The persistent undernourishment of some half a billion people today does not stem from a global scarcity of resources;even as tens of thousands of babies die each day from diseases exacerbated by malnutrition, over one third of the world grain is fed to livestock to supply the meat-diet of the affluent.

soils (ดิน)

Today!s headlines focus on two major interactive international problems:widespread hunger and malnutrition, and the deterrioration of the quality of the environment resulting from attempts to alleviate this hunger and malnutrition.The quality,management,and conservation of the world soils are critical elements in each of these problems as well as in their solution. Soil productivity helps determine how much food and fiber can be provided for the world ever- increasing human population.Some soils are naturally productive,others are not.Some reapond to wise cultural management and can be made more productive. Others will not so respond and could best be left in their native state with natural grass or forest vegetation.In any case,however,without some knowledge of the nature and properties of soil,it is not possible to predict soil quality in a given area or to know how soils should be managed and conserved.